BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Treating infections in patients at the intensive care unit is a complex matter which is nevertheless complicated by the critical state that the patients are usually in. The mortality rate due to fungal infections haven’t changed much in the last few years and so; dealing with fungal infections in the setting of critically ill patients can be challenging and there is an ongoing need for more research and for the development of new approaches. While previous discoveries of antifungal drugs were deemed successful in treatment, they created room for emergence of new fungal species and the widespread use of antibiotics and antifungal drugs has led to a growing resistance. Difficulties with early detection of fungal infections are currently still problematic while it has been shown to be crucial for the success of the treatment. With a shift in species and emerging resistance, while diagnostics and mortality rates aren’t getting much better; new approaches to fungal infections in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) are being sought for. ----- METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to find relevant material. Search terms included, but were not limited to: Invasive Candidiasis, ICU, treatment, Aspergillosis, risk factors etc. The primary criteria for study selection were evidence-based research and quality of design. ----- FINDINGS: Predictive rules to select high-risk patients who might benefit from prophylactic antifungal therapy have been found to be successful when used in combination with a clinical suspicion of fungal infection; but still need to be incorporated into clinical praxis. New diagnostic techniques (β-D-glucan, PCR) are under development and would lead to faster recognition of patients with fungal infections and hence faster administration of treatment; which has been shown to positively affect the survival rate.The recommended treatment has changed toward newer antifungal drugs, but also depend on the age of the patient, immune status, localization of infection and isolated fungal species.