Dementia is a syndrome that is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (e.g. memory, thinking, behavior) that are great enough to affect a person's daily functioning. Various diseases can cause dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, etc. Differential diagnosis can be difficult and the definite diagnosis can in most of cases be made only post mortem. Sympthomatic treatment has shown promising results in quality of life improvement. However, neuroprotective treatments seem to be on the horizon and require early initiation of treatment to be effective. Clinical features, lumbar puncture, and radiological examination are all a part of the diagnostic procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging has a great resolution and is a excellent tool for brain disease evaluation. The basis of dementia diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging is analysis of grey matter atrophy and white matter lesions. It also lacks harmful ionising radiation. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the use of brain magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of dementia and its capability in differential diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.