Otitis media or middle ear infection is the name for various ear diseases which affect the middle ear. Middle ear infections can be acute and chronic. An acute middle ear infection is a short-lasting middle ear infection with a sudden rise of symptoms such as ear pain, high fever, otorrhea, irritability and others. Acute middle ear infections are common in children and if a child has three or more cases of infections, we call it a recurrent form of middle ear infection. Non-infection states such as otitis media with effusion count as middle ear infections as well. The acute middle ear infection is one of the most common diseases in children and the major cause for doctor visits and antibiotics. The infection usually presents between the 6th month and 2nd year of life. Causes of the acute middle ear infection are bacteria: most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Besides bacterial causes, another causative factor are respiratory viruses; viral infections usually precede the bacterial ones, and they themselves can cause the disease. The symptoms of acute middle ear infection can be divided in two categories: specific and nonspecific. Specific symptoms are: otalgia, constant touching or scratching of the ear, otorrhea and deafness. Nonspecific symptoms are high fever, changes in the child's sleep and feeding patterns, and constant crying and irritability. The key in diagnosing the infections is otoscopy, with additional methods such as tympanometry. In the otoscopic exam tympanic membrane is bulged and blurred with colouring and reduced mobility. Curing AOM depends on the child's age and clinical presentation. In children with a more complicated clinical presentation and those younger than 2 years antibiotics and analgesics are prescribed, while in those with an uncomplicated clinical presentation observation is advised along with analgesics. The first line of antibiotic treatment is a dose of 80-90 amoxicillin divided into 2 doses.