Technological innovation within health care can be defined as the introduction of new technologies that trigger change in clinical practice. Neurosurgery is a particularly technologically intensive surgical discipline, and new technologies have preceded many great advances in operational neurosurgical techniques. Surgical planning is based on reconstructions with high-resolution images, so microsurgical and neuronavigation approaches can be planned with an unimaginable precision. The aim of this thesis was to describe and analyze the various technological achievements that contributed to the rapid development of neurosurgery as a medical profession. Methods and techniques such as intraoperative neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI, intraoperative microscope, MR tractography and cavitron ultrasonic aspirator are changing the field faster than ever before. Finally, virtual and augmented reality are being developed as a training tool for residents and neurosurgeons by preoperatively simulating complex surgical scenarios. With the further development of science and technology, we can only imagine what the future of neurosurgery will look like.