Title Neuroznanstveni pristup alkoholizmu Title (english) Neuroscientific approach to alcoholism Author Lucija Vlahek Mentor Zrnka Kovačić Petrović (mentor)Committee member Neven Henigsberg (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zrnka Kovačić Petrović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2018-07-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Alkoholizam predstavlja vrlo složen biološki, psihološki i socijalni poremećaj. Alkohol djeluje na brojne moždane strukture, čije su funkcije poznate i dobro istražene, kao i na one čije su funkcije još uvijek predmet istraživanja. Općenito, posljedice prekomjernog unosa alkohola su jasne i odnose se na smanjivanje volumena mnogih neuralnih puteva, što dovodi do slabljenja kognitivnih funkcija, koje se ispituju psihološkim testovima, ali i neuroslikovnim tehnikama poput fMRI. Velik broj studija pokušava objasniti neuralne mehanizme koji su u podlozi stvaranja same navike pijenja u kontekstu neurotransmitorskih sustava, odnosno neurotransmitora, njihovih receptora i moždanih puteva. Neke su spoznaje o molekularnom obrascu alkoholizma, poput poremećaja u modulaciji kortiko-mezolimbično dopaminergičkog sustava, već dulje vrijeme prihvaćene kao objašnjenje nastajanja ovisnosti, dok se druge, poput uloge GABA-ergičkih, glutamatnih, endokanabinoidnih i ostalih sustava još istražuju. Mozak prolazi kroz iznimno velik broj promjena u strukturi i funkciji prilikom razvoja i sazrijevanja te se zbog toga stavlja poseban naglasak na njegovu plastičnost koja bi mogla dati odgovore na uzroke početka ovisničkog ponašanja. Ove promjene se značajnim dijelom odvijaju u adolescenciji i u kontekstu toga razmatra se uloga određenih genetskih i obiteljskih čimbenika koji predisponiraju pojedinca za alkoholizam. Svi prethodno nabrojeni neurotransmitorski mehanizmi i sustavi mogu poslužiti kao mete lijekova koji smanjuju želju za alkoholom te zajedno sa psihosocijalnom terapijom predstavljaju obrazac za uspješno liječenje pojedinaca od ove ovisnosti.
Abstract (english) Alcoholism represents a complex biological, psychological and social disorder. Alcohol has effects on numerous brain structures, of which certain functions are known but some of them remain as an object of further research. Generally, the concequences of excessive alcohol intake are clear and reffer to volume reduction of neural pathways resulting in deterioration of cognitive functions, that are assessed by psychological tests and neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI. A vast number of studies have been done to explain the underlying mechanisms that lead to formation of drinking habit in the context of neurotransmitters, receptors and neural pathways. The facts of molecular pattern of alcoholism, such as the role of modulation in cortico-mesolimbic dopamine system and addiction have been known for some time now, whereas the roles of others, like GABA, glutamate and endocanabinoide systems are still being investigated. Significant number of changes occur in brain during its growth and development and consequently the plasticity of brain is especially emphasized to influence on drinking onset. Most changes in neuroplasticity affect adolescents, therefore genetic susceptibility and family history are also studied as an important factors of addiction. Neurotransmittors and neural systems listed above could be specific pharmacological targets that reduce craving in alcoholic patients and together with psychosocial support define an optimal treatment for this disorder.
Keywords
alkoholizam
neurotransmitori
neuroplastičnost
genetska predispozicija
farmakoterapija
Keywords (english)
alcoholism
neurotransmitters
neuroplasticity
genetic susceptibility
pharmacotherapy
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:610736 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2019-01-17 10:52:42
