IVF procedure accounts for almost 70 % of all couple infertility treatments. Complications are possible during oocyte retrieval, embryotransfer and controlled ovarian stimulation. The most common complication of oocyte retrieval procedure is minor vaginal bleeding, which generally stops spontaneously or can be controlled with local compression. Severe intra-abdominal or vascular complications, as well as infection or injury of pelvic structures are possible, but rare. The performance of an atraumatic ET is essential to IVF success. Difficult transfers are time consuming, require a firmer catheter, cause discomfort, or involve additional instrumentation. They are associated with decreased pregnancy rate through the stimulation of uterine contractions, induced by cervical manipulation or fundal contact. OHSS is a serious iatrogenic complication of controlled ovarian stimulation treatment. The strategy for minimizing the risk for OHSS is closely related to the segmentation concept. It consists of optimization of the ovarian stimulation, including GnRH agonist triggering in a GnRH antagonist cycle, optimum cryopreservation methods for oocyte or embryo vitrification and embryotransfer in a natural cycle. The rate of ectopic and heterotopic pregnancy, as well as spontanious abortion, is higher in pregnancies resulting from IVF than in spontaneous pregnancies, probably due to subfertility and specific factors related to IVF techniques. Pregnancies concieved after IVF face increased risk of many important perinatal outcomes, with a majority of them arising as a result of multiple pregnancies. The practice of eSET has reduced multiple pregnancy rates and improved perinatal outcomes.