Title Transplantacija krvotvornih matičnih stanica u djece
Title (english) Bone marron transplantation in children
Author Ena Ranković
Mentor Ljubica Rajić (mentor)
Committee member Duška Tješić-Drinković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ljubica Rajić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Pediatrics) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2014-07-15, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Pediatrics
Abstract Transplantacija krvotvornih matičnih stanica (TKMS) danas je rutinska metoda liječenja djece oboljele od raznih malignih i ne-malignih hematoloških bolesti, solidnih tumora i imunoloških bolesti.
Krvotvorne matične stanice ( KMS ) su nezrele krvne stanice koje imaju sposobnost diferencijacije i proliferacije u sve vrste krvnih stanica. Iako se većina matičnih stanica nalazi u koštanoj srži, postupcima mobilizacije omogućeno je njihovo prikupljanje iz periferne krvi, te se danas kao izvori krvotvornih matičnih stanica koriste koštana srž, periferna krv i pupkovina.
Dvije osnovne vrste transplantacije krvotvornih matičnih stanica su autologna i alogenična. Kod autologne transplantacije bolesnik dobiva vlastite krvotvorne matične stanice, koje su prethodno mobilizirane, te zamrznute za kasniju upotrebu. Prednost autologne transplantacije krvotvornih matičnih stanica (auto TKMS) je u tome što ne postoji rizik od pojave reakcije presatka protiv primatelja (engl .graft versus host disease, GvHD) ili odbacivanja presatka, dok je nedostatak mogućnost kontaminacije tumorskim stanicama te nepostojanje graft-versus-tumor efekta (GvT). Alogenična transplantacija krvotvornih matičnih stanica (alo TKMS) je postupak u kojem primatelj dobiva krvotvorne matične stanice od HLA (engl. human leukocyte antigen) podudarnog srodnog darivatelja, najčešće brata ili sestre. U obitelji sa dvoje djece vjerojatnosti da bolesnik ima HLA podudarnog darivatelja je svega 25-30%. Ako se u obitelji ne nađe HLA podudarni darivatelj isti se tada traži u registrima dobrovoljnih darivatelja krvotvornih matičnih stanica. Inkompatibilnost krvnih grupa između darivatelja i primatelja nije kontraindikacija za liječenje, iako je kod velikih razlika u krvnim grupama ipak potrebna odgovarajuća dodatna priprema (plazmafereza).
Čimbenici koji utječu na odluku o vrsti transplantacije ponajprije su dijagnoza i stadij bolesti, dob bolesnika, odabir darivatelja te preferencija samog centra.
Liječenje transplantacijom KMS dijeli se u tri faze: predtransplantacijsku, transplantacijsku i posttransplantacijsku fazu.
Komplikacije transplantacije krvotvornih matičnih stanica nastaju zbog toksičnih učinaka visokih doza kemoterapije i/ili zračenja tijekom kondicioniranja bolesnika, imu¬no¬¬loških problema zbog gene¬tičke inkompatibilnosti između darivatelja i primatelja te biološkog ponašanja osnovne bolesti nakon transplantacije.
Abstract (english) Today, as part of the treatment of various malignant and non-malignant haematological, immunological diseases and solid tumors in children, haematopoietic stem cells transplants are considered a routine medical procedure.
Haematopoietic stem cells are immature cells that have the ability to differentiate and proliferate into all types of blood cells. Even though most stem cells are located in the bone marrow, the mobilization procedures enable their extraction from the peripheral blood. Hence bone marrow, peripheral blood and the umbilical cord are commonly used as the source of haematopoietic stem cells.
Two basic kinds of haematopoietic stem cells transplants are autologous and allogeneic. In autologous transplants patients’ own haematopoietic stem cells are used, those are previously extracted and are stored frozen for later use. An advantage of autologous transplant is the absence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or graft rejection, while a disadvantage is the possibility of contamination with cancerous cells, and the absence of graft-versus-tumor effect. In allogeneic transplants the patient is receiving haematopoietic stem cells from an HLA identical related donor, most commonly a sibling. In a family with two children, the chances of the patient having an HLA compatible donor is only 25-30%. If an HLA compatible donor is not found within the family, then one can be found in the registry of voluntary haematopoietic stem cell donors. A blood group incompatibility between the donor and the recipient is not a contraindication to the treatment, although a substantial difference between the blood groups does require adequate additional preparation (plasmapheresis).
Factors affecting the decision on the type of transplant are primarily the diagnosis and stage of the disease, patients’ age, donor choice and the center’s preferences.
Treatment with HSC transplantation is divided in three phases: pre-transplant, transplant and post-transplant phase.
Complications from transplanting haematopoietic stem cells arise due to the toxic effects of high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation during the patients conditioning, immune problems due to genetic incompatibility between donor and recipient, and the biological behavior of the underlying disease after transplantation.
Keywords
krvotvorne matične stanice
djeca
transplantacija
Keywords (english)
haematopoietic stem cells
children
transplantation
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:307831
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2015-10-28 12:58:48