Endometrial carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the uterine mucosa epithelium. Endometrial adenocarcinoma (lat. adenocarcinoma endometrii) is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital system. It typically occurs in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The largest number of patients affected by this cancer is aged between 50 and 65 years. The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing, because life span has been extended, but also increased the presence and exposure to various risk factors. The main risk factors are the application of exclusively estrogen replacement therapy, obesity, women who never gave birth, anovulation and diabetes mellitus. There are two basic forms of endometrial cancer. The first type are estrogen dependent, they develop from the area of endometrial hyperplasia, are well differentiated and have a good prognosis. The other type of cancer is independent of estrogen. It mainly occurs in older women, it is poorly differentiated, and their prognosis is significantly worse than in the first type, however, they have a low incidence rate. The gold standard in the diagnosis of this disease is fractional curettage, which is the basis for setting up a pathohistological diagnosis. Other diagnostic methods are hysteroscopy, the advantages of which are exactness and optical control, and ultrasound that serves as a good aid to confirm the suspicion of this malignant disease. From the laboratory findings, CA-125 tumor marker is used. It's elevated concentration indicates a progressive stage of the disease. Clinically, about 90% of these cancers occur with bleeding, but only about 25% of postmenopausal bleeding also means cancer. The most important indicator of tumor malignancy is the atypia of cells in hyperplasia of the endometrium. The treatment of these patients is basically surgical, while adjuvant procedures include radiation, hormone therapy or polychemotherapy. Total survival is over 5 years in about 65% of patients.