Choriochacinoma is one of the histological types of entities called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) that is formed by abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue, which may be preceded by either a hydatidiform mole or nonmolar pregnancy. GTN, apart from choriocarcinoma, also includes: invasive mole, placenta tumor (TLP) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). Invasive moles and choriocarcinoma are characterized by high beta hCG values while TLP and ETT are characterized by low beta hCG values. In Europe and North America, choriocarcinoma affects about one in 40 000 pregnancies. Prior to the development of effective chemotherapy for GTN, most patients with limited disease were cured by hysterectomy while the spread of the disease was mostly fatal. At present, low-risk gestational choriocarcinoma has nearly 100 % survival in women treated with chemotherapy, and high-risk patients with choriocarcinoma have 91 % to 93 % survival using multiple agent chemotherapy with or without radiation and surgery. Radiation and surgical procedures are used in therapy. Almost 50 % of GTN is derived from molar pregnancy, 25 % from spontaneous abortion or ectopic (tubular) pregnancy and 25 % from terminal or premature pregnancy. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive GTN histological type and is characterized by early vascular invasion and remote transplantation. The clinical picture depends on the spread of the disease and the location of the metastases.