Rheumatic diseases are among the leading health problems in the world, primarily because of their impact on working and functional abilities. There is a whole range of pathophysiological mechanisms on the basis of which different classifications of rheumatic diseases are based, but the real cause of most of these diseases is still unknown. Regardless of the classification, all groups of these diseases primarily affect the locomotor system. The basic structure of locomotor system consists of muscles and bone structures which provide stability and mobility of the body. Diseases of the locomotor system are characterized by pain, morning stiffness, swelling, limited movements, weakness and fatigue. Pain is a common sign of rheumatic diseases and one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor. Clinical examination in rheumatic diseases includes two basic clinical skills: a history and a physical examination covering the examination of walk, spine, upper and lower limbs. The main methods for the examination of each joint are: inspection, palpation, passive and active range of motion assessment, muscle strength test and neurological status. The examination begins with a history and a general examination, then follows a detailed examination of all parts of the locomotor system and ends with an assessment of the functional ability of the patient. Since these diseases affect the working population, an early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are very important to prevent severe complications, improve functionality and prolong working ability.