Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the 21st century. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common and most known microvascular complication of diabetes. Diabetic macular edema is the most common cause of visual acuity loss in patients with diabetes. Although tightly associated with each other, DME can occur with or without the presence of retinopathy. Another possibility is the long lasting presence of retinopathy with later signs of DME. Today, the clinical parameters and morphological characteristics of DME are effectively assesed with OCT. With the presence of OCT there is finally a way to assess DME in detail and it's presence also made it easier to further individualize treatment for each and every patient. A new era of DME therapy has started. Laser fotocoagulation is mainly becoming secondary to new treatment modalities such as intravitreal corticosteroid implants and anti-VEGF therapy. Though good and thorough management of the primary disease is still very important. Better understanding of the patophysiology of DME,new and better diagnostics and new treatment modalities give us hope that we will soon be able to prevent vision function loss more efficiently in patients with diabetes.