Use of ultrasound in depiction of peripheral nerves was made possible by advances and development of ultrasonic devices. First described use of ultrasound in depiction of peripheral nerves was made in 1988 by Bruno Fornage. He described tubular nerve structure. Within first decades of 21 century ultrasound depiction of peripheral nerves was mainly used in anesthesiology as a means of needle navigation during application of anesthetics. High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) was made possible due to technological advancements in crystal technology, high-frequency ultrasound transducer and computer enhanced imaging. Furthermore, high-resolution ultrasound was made to be an invaluable tool in depiction of peripheral nerves from their point of origin to the target anatomical area. Considering high number of functions that modern ultrasonic devices possess, basic understanding of ultrasonic waves physics and their interaction with the human body is not enough in every-day use and requires long term education and skill. Today, US is used to depict four cranial nerves (the rest can not be shown due to their intracranial placement; magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan are used for their depiction), peripheral nerves of the thoracic and abdominal wall alongside almost all of the peripheral nerves for the arms and legs. There are detailed descriptions of procedures used for depiction of peripheral nerves ranging from ultrasonic probe selection, nerve shape, location, anatomical markers, clinical characteristics, imaging techniques and ways of differentiating nerves form surrounding structures. Moreover, in some conditions ultrasonic examination has provided high specificity and sensitivity, this enabled formation of standalone ultrasonic diagnostic criteria for diseases.