Heart failure is a condition which is caused either by temporary or permanent inability of the cardiac muscle to ensure adequate tissue and organ perfusion. This condition is characterized by typical signs and symptoms such as dyspnea, perimalleolar edema, fatigue, increase in jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles as well as peripheral edema. Decrease of cardiac output, with or without, increased intracardiac pressure is manly caused by changes in cardiac structure or function. There are many factors that contribute to heart failure, some of them include myocardial, valvular, pericardial, endomyocardial diseases, hereditary or congenital heart conditions as well as conductive abnormalities and disorders of cardiac rhythm. Leading, and most contributing factor is myocardial infraction followed by arterial hypertension and dilatative cardiomyopathy. In order to assess the severity of the heart failure NYHA and ACC/AHA classifications are most often used. They are based around the patient’s ability to tolerate normal or increased physical activity, or on the presence of symptoms and structural abnormalities of the heart. Treatment of heart failure can be pharmacological or nonpharmacological. Nonpharmacological treatment consists of life style changes such as change in diet, decrease of body weight and regular physical activity. Furthermore, several medications can be prescribed, these include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, aldosterone receptor antagonists and inotropic agents. Family medicine specialists, through primary prevention, address factors that contribute to the onset of heart failure. These include arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of physical activity, diabetes, nicotine addiction and coronary artery disease. Secondary prevention consists of medication prescription whereas tertiary prevention (end stage heart failure) is referred to and treated by the cardiologists.