Professional musicians are often exposed to the nonphysiological body positioning during their work as well as to the specific statodynamic and psychophysiological efforts associated with work conditions and requirements. Inappropriate static body positions and repetitive movements in instrumentalists can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, exposure to high levels of sound poses the risk of hearing loss, hyperacusis, and tinnitus. Singers are exposed to various pathologies of the larynx mainly due to excessive or inadequate use of voice. Occupational conditions can cause ophthalmological disorders, and apart from refractive errors due to questionable room lighting, cases of glaucoma in the brass and woodwind instrumentalists have been observed. Through direct contact with the instrument and maintenance supplies, professional musicians are exposed to dermatoses, the most common of which are allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. In the musician population, there is a greater prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety than in the general population. Apart from these mental disorders, there are also some distinctive for musicians such as musical performance anxiety. For most of these conditions, prevention is more important than therapy, as some, such as noise-induced hearing loss, are irreversible.