Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. It is typically characterized by an acute febrile illness. Malaria can be diagnosed either by thick or thin blood smear and is treated mostly with chloroquine and artemisinin derivatives. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus that replicates in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Subsequent destruction of T lymphocytes is linked with disease progression. HIV infection is treated with antiretroviral therapy which allows patients to reach a normal life expectancy. The highest prevalence of coinfection can be seen in endemic African countries with the highest HIV prevalence. This includes most of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is widely known that prognosis of both diseases worsens in the case of coinfection considering a broad range of interactions. HIV infected persons with low CD4 count and malaria present with a higher parasitaemia, complicated or severe malaria, and reduced efficacy of antimalarials. Malaria acts on HIV by raising the viral load, lowering the CD4 count, and accelerating disease progression. It is extremely important to prevent malaria in HIV infected persons. Therefore, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and cotrimoxazole are used in chemoprophylaxis, as well as insecticide treated bed nets, as a mode of primary prevention.