Traumatic brain injury around the world represents a public health problem. The leading cause of death and lifelong damage, not only due to the primary injury that occurs at the time of injury, but because of the development of secondary injury following the extreme vulnerability of the brain.Treatment and medical care are aimed at preventing the development of secondary brain injury. Therefore, it is important to maintain adequate blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, oxygenation, normothermia, glycemia and prevent epileptic attacks to reduce further damage. A large number of pathological processes that follow primary brain injury depends on body temperature. It is known that a high body temperature stimulates pathological processes, and mild or moderate hypothermia can mitigate or block them. The neuroprotective effects of hypothermia have been known since long ago, however, the application of therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of traumatic brain injury is a subject of clinical research today. So far, it is known to act on reducing intracranial pressure, however the impact on mortality and improve neurological outcome is still not perfectly clear. Previous studies have suggested that the use of mild to moderate hypothermia ( 32-35 °C), for a greater time period (> 48 hours) with slow and controlled heating provides the best results. Hypothermia can be carried out selectively, only a certain part of the body or systemic, whole body cooling. Regardless of the method of hypothermia, during hypothermia therapy there are always the possiblities of developing complications. The aim of this study was to describe the application of therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury, cooling methods, the effects of reducing elevated ICP, treatment outcomes as well as complications.