Title Ekstrahepatalne manifestacije kroničnog hepatitisa C
Title (english) Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection
Author Filip Grabant
Mentor Lucija Virović Jukić (mentor)
Committee member Neven Ljubičić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Lucija Virović Jukić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Internal Medicine) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2020-07-17, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Internal Medicine
Abstract Virusom hepatitisa C (HCV) danas je zaraženo 71 milijun ljudi ili oko 1% svjetske populacije, dok od posljedica zaraze godišnje umre 399 tisuća ljudi. U 55% do 85% inficiranih osoba dolazi do razvoja kroničnog hepatitisa C (CHC), sistemne bolesti koja se može komplicirati jetrenim (ciroza jetre i hepatocelularni karcinom) i ekstrahepatalnim manifestacijama (EHM). Prvi i jedini znak CHC mogu biti EHM, a javljaju se u čak do 74% CHC oboljelih. Ekstrahepatalne manifestacije mogu se podijeliti prema organskom sustavu koji zahvaćaju, patofiziološkom mehanizmu nastanka bolesti te jačini dokaza povezanosti EHM s CHC. Etiološka terapija EHM uključuje antivirusno liječenje, koje je danas posebno zanimljivo s obzirom na pojavu novih i učinkovitih terapijskih mogućnosti u liječenju HCV infekcije, lijekova s izravnim djelovanjem na virus hepatitisa C (DAA). Najbolje opisane EHM su limfoproliferativne bolesti koje uključuju esencijalnu miješanu krioglobulinemiju s pridruženim krioglobulinemijskim
vaskulitisom, B-stanični non-Hodgkin limfom i monoklonsku gamapatiju. Moguća je prezentacija EHM na koži kao porphyria cutanea tarda i lichen planus. Posljedica CHC može biti i bubrežna bolest, najčešće membranoproliferativni glomerulonefritis tipa 1 i membranska nefropatija. Pokazalo se kako je CHC značajan rizični čimbenik za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti kao što su
ateroskleroza, koronarna arterijska bolest, infarkt miokarda, cerebrovaskularni inzult i periferna arterijska bolest. Kronični hepatitis C utječe i na endokrini sustav i metabolizam dovodeći do razvoja inzulinske rezistencije, tipa 2 šećerne bolesti, steatoze jetre i bolesti štitnjače, odnosno bolesti koje dodatno povisuju kardiovaskularni rizik. Utvrđena je veza CHC i razvoja neuropsihijatrijskih poremećaja kao što su umor, depresija, poremećaji spavanja i neurokognitivne smetnje. Moguća je prezentacija CHC i drugim autoimunološkim bolestima kao što su Sjögrenov sindrom ili učestalo stvaranje autoantitijela, te rijetko mišićno-koštane, oftalmološke i pulmološke manifestacije. Ovaj rad opisuje patofiziologiju, kliničku sliku, dijagnostiku i liječenje najčešćih EHM.
Abstract (english) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 71 million individuals (around 1% of global population) and results in 399 thousands of death cases per year due to complications of infection. Between 55% and 85% of HCV infected individuals develop chronic hepatitis C (CHC), which can lead to hepatic (liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic manifestations
(EHM). Extrahepatic manifestations can sometimes be the first and the only sign of CHC and they occur in up to 74% of CHC. Extrahepatic manifestations can be classified according to the affected organ system, pathophysiological mechanism or according to the strength of evidence by which they are linked with CHC. Antiviral treatment of HCV represents the etiologic treatment of EHM, which is today especially interesting because of the occurrence of new and efficient antiviral drugs, DAAs. Best described EHM are the group of lymphoproliferative disease, which include essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and monoclonal gammopathy. Chronic hepatitis C can affect the skin, resulting in disease such as porphyria cutanea tarda and lichen planus, and lead to chronic progressive and life-threatening
renal disease, most frequently type 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy. It has been recognised that CHC is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Chronic hepatitis C can also affect the endocrine system and metabolism, resulting in development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, steatosis and thyroid disease, which are important because they increase the cardiovascular risk. A link has also been established between CHC and neuropsychiatric disease such as fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance and neurocognitive impairment. Chronic hepatitis C can also present with other autoimmune disease such as Sjögren syndrome and production of autoantibodies, and
rarely with musculoskeletal, ophthalmological and pulmonary manifestations. This paper describes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment of the most common EHM.
Keywords
hepatitis C virus
kronični hepatitis C
ekstrahepatalne manifestacije
Keywords (english)
hepatitis C virus
chronic hepatitis C infection
extrahepatic manifestations
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:273561
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2021-05-04 07:17:22