Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistula is anomalous connection between bladder and vagina, represents great difficulty in healing. It occurs as a complication of surgical procedures, childbirth and radiation. It requires long-term treatment often with number of surgical procedures. ----- Hypothesis: Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 administered parenterally or orally can improve the healing of vesicovaginal fistula in rats. ----- Aims: We hypothesize positive effect of the pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in therapy of vesicovaginal fistulas in rats. Materials and methods: For the model of vesicovaginal fistula female Wistar rats were used. An incision was made on anterior vaginal wall and rear urinary blader wall in length of 4 mm and vesicovaginal fistula was formed. Pentadecapaptide BPC 157 was applied in daily doses of 1 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg, 100 ng/kg, 10 ng/kg i.p. during the experiment, starting 14 days after surgery and control group of animals was given daily equivalent amount of 0,9% NaCl i.p. After sacrifice, diameter of fistulas, macroscopic changes and differences in fistula healing between groups were observed and compared. Tissue was taken for microscopic analysis. ----- Results: Fistula was successfully healed in all rats that underwent BPC 157 therapy. Also, volume needed to leakage of fluid through fistula was increased. ----- Conclusion: Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 improved vesicovaginal fistula healing.