According to the International Association for Pain Research, pain represents an unpleasant emotional sensation associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The classification of pain by duration is into acute and chronic pain. Chronic pain lasts for six months or more, that is longer than the usual time needed to heal injury or treat the disease. Low back pain (lumbago) means that the feeling of pain is present in the lower lumbar part of the spine during the rest or at movement. The multimodal approach in the treatment of chronic low back pain includes several aspects of treatment: pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of treatment and collaboration of several different experts. It is optimal that the treatment of chronic low back pain is conducted in a pain clinic, or a pain center, under the leadership of an anesthesiologist, or other experts who specializes in pain medicine, through multidisciplinary team work. Treatment includes multimodal pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological methods such as physical therapy and acupuncture, and when is indicated, minimal invasive surgical procedures performed in the operating room under the control of a radiological device. Multimodal pharmacological therapy includes a combination of two or more analgesics and/or koanalgesics that achieve their effect synergistically, by a different mechanism of action. For successful treatment of chronic low back pain, basic and specific diagnostic methods are required. The basic diagnostics of chronic low back pain is physical examination. Since pain cannot be measured as other vital signs and is subjective, it is important to assess the strength and characteristics of pain which is essential for treatment. One-dimensional pain scales, such as visual – analogue scale, are used to evaluate pain intensity, and multidimensional pain scales (for example McGill pain questionnaire) are used to evaluate pain quality. Other specific diagnostics include X-ray of the spine, spinal MRI and electromyoneurography of lower extremities. These specific diagnostic examinations helps to determine the treatment methods. Chronic low back pain has an impact on the physical, psychological and cognitive components of life of an individual, it can negatively affect social and family relationships, as well as the individual's working capacity. If uncontrolled, low back pain can seriously impair the quality of life. It is important to educate and encourage patients to actively participate in the treatment of chronic low back pain and to relieve the intensity and frequency of pain with professional assistance, thereby increasing the quality of life.