Several types of chlamydia can cause an eye infection, most notably C. trachomatis. Chlamydia infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease among sexually active youth today. This bacterium exhibits a unique biphasic, but still unexplained life cycle and interaction with the host. From the ophthalmologic point of view, the consequences of this interaction and stimulation of the host immune system are inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma and a few rare entities. Inclusion conjunctivitis is the most important in Croatia. In general, the route of transmission of chlamydial eye infection is most likely an autoinoculation or close contact with an infected person, such as oculargenital touch. It is mainly chronic follicular conjunctivitis with acute to the subacute onset and the potential for serious complications. Due to the possible consequences on visual function, it is important to recognize the disease in time. It is clinically diagnosed and confirmed laboratory. The gold standard is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cytology, cell culture, and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) as alternatives. Once diagnosed, chlamydia requires treatment. The choice of treatment for the adult form of inclusion conjunctivitis is one dose of azithromycin (1g), and erythromycin for neonatal form. Additional measures are directed towards the patient’s sexual partners and the search for asymptomatic carriers. These curative-preventative measures will slow down the increasing number of sexually transmitted chlamydial diseases and, therefore, its consequences.