Parkinson’s disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that mainly occurs in older people. It is thought to be a result of interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. To understand hypokinetic movement disorder such as Parkinson’s disease, it is important to know neuroanatomy of basal ganglia circuits, because disturbance in its organization and functioning leads to manifestation of the said disorder. Parkinson’s disease has both motor and non-motor manifestations. Four cardinal motor signs are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Non-motor signs that stand out are cognitive disorders, pshychiatric disorders, sleep disturbances and disturbances of the autonomic system. During 1950s and 1960 the main methods of therapy were ablative surgical techniques, such as thalamotomy and pallidotomy. With appearance of levodopa (L-dopa) in 1967, ablative surgical techniques were largely replaced by pharmacological treatment. But by increasing the dose of L-dopa, motor side effects, such as dyskinesia occured. In 1987 new surgical technique was developed - deep brain stimulation (DBS). It is a technique of electrical stimulation of deeper parts of the brain which has almost entirely replaced ablative surgical techniques because of its reversibility, lesser invasiveness and less number of complications. It was developed by Alim Louis Benabid and Pierre Pollak for treating tremor by stimulating thalamus. In 1993 they stimulated subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson’s. It worked on both motor symptoms and L-dopa induced dyskinesias. Even though DBS has many advantages, there are also certain risks of complications. But nevertheless, DBS is today the main neurosurgical therapy in treating Parkinson’s disease in correctly chosen patients.