Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm caused by malignant conversion of melanocytes. Due to its pronounced tendency to early lymphogenic and hematogenous metastasizing, it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the skin and mucous membranes. The highest cumulative risk for the disease is recorded in the populations of Australia, New Zealand, North America, and Europe. The most significant environmental factor for the formation of melanoma is the sun's UV radiation. Numerous mutations in cell cycle control genes and impaired function of cellular immune response checkpoints have been identified as key factors in the development of metastatic melanoma. New forms of therapies have emerged, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The goal of the tumor immunotherapy is to strengthen or restore the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells by preventing the mechanisms by which the tumor avoids and inhibits the immune response. Melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor, so immunotherapy is one of the most effective strategies in treating this disease. This paper will present past achievements and future directions in immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma research.