Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, and its incidence is increasing due to global obesity epidemic, physical inactivity and population aging. Women in perimenopausal and postmenopausal period are mainly affected. According to the classical division, there are two types of endometrial cancer - the more common, type I, also known as estrogen-dependent tumor, whose pathophysiology is associated with the action of endocrinological factors, and type II. Estrogen has a stimulating effect on the proliferation and growth of type I endometrial cancer, while progesterone opposes its action. The main precursor lesion for the development of type I cancer is considered to be endometrial hyperplasia, while type II cancer is associated with endometrial atrophy. Unopposed estrogen advocates the given hypothesis in the etiology of endometrial cancer, although many other hormones, such as insulin and adiponectin, play a role in the development of cancer. Endocrine-related risk factors for endometrial cancer are polycystic ovary syndrome, reproductive factors such as infertility and nulliparity, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, physical inactivity, metabolic syndrome, hormone replacement therapy and the use of tamoxifen. A change in lifestyle could greatly affect the reduction in the incidence of endometrial cancer. Multiparity, the use of oral combined contraceptives, metformin and a hormonal intrauterine device are protective factors in the development of endometrial cancer. Control of mentioned risk factors could play a role in the prevention of endometrial cancer.