Title Prevencija gestacijskog dijabetesa melitusa
Title (english) Prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus
Author Ivana Kokan
Mentor Josip Juras (mentor)
Committee member Vito Starčević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Željko Duić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Josip Juras (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2021-07-16, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Gynecology and Obstetrics
Abstract Gestacijski dijabetes melitus definiran je kao dijabetes s početkom ili prepoznavanjem u trudnoći. Jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika rizika je ženina pretilost. Osim perinatalnih i komplikacija u trudnoći, povezuje se s dugoročnim komplikacijama u metabolizmu majke i djeteta. Prevalencija gestacijskog dijabetesa se povećava. Postoje različite teorije njegove patofiziologije: nemogućnost beta stanica da adekvatno odgovore na potrebe za inzulinom; stanje kronične, odnosno „tihe“ upale i genski čimbenici. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju razine glukoze u plazmi natašte i oGTT-a. Liječenje se sastoji od nefarmakoloških metoda promjene životnog stila, odnosno uvođenja zdrave prehrane i tjelovježbe u svakodnevni život. Ako unatoč tomu nezadovoljavajuća razina glukoze u krvi perzistira, uvodi se farmakološko liječenje. Mogući oblici prevencije uključuju promjenu prehrane, vježbanje, uzimanje suplemenata i kombinaciju navedenih postupaka. Važno je što ranije u trudnoći započeti s navedenim postupcima i pridržavati ih se. Prehrana s ciljem prevencije gestacijskog dijabetesa trebala bi se temeljiti na namirnicama niskog glikemijskog indeksa, a dobar model poželjne prehrane je mediteranski. Jedan od suplemenata koji bi mogao imati značajnu ulogu u prevenciji je mioinozitol, za koji je zasad pokazano da smanjuje incidenciju gestacijskog dijabetesa, ali potrebne su daljnje studije. Istraživanja o ostalim suplementima, kao što su to probiotici, vitamin D i polinezasićene masne kiseline i dalje su oskudna i oprečnih rezultata. Tjelovježba predstavlja višestruko dokazanu metodu prevencije, čiji učinak novija istraživanja pokušavaju kvantificirati. Potrebno je više istraživanja pojedinih i kombiniranih metoda prevencije u području gestacijskog dijabetesa melitusa.
Abstract (english) Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes with onset or recognition during pregnancy. One of the major risk factors is woman's obesity. Apart from perinatal and complications in pregnancy, it is associated with long-term complications in maternal and child metabolism. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing. There are different theories about its pathophysiology: the inability of beta cells to respond to insulin needs adequately, it is associated with chronic, „silent“ inflammation and genetic factors also play a role. Diagnosis is based on fasting glucose in plasma levels and OGTT. The therapy consists of non-pharmacological methods of lifestyle change, implementing a healthy diet, and exercise in everyday life. If unsatisfactory blood glucose levels persist, pharmacological therapy is introduced. Possible forms of prevention include dietary changes, exercise, taking supplements and a combination of these procedures. It is important to start these procedures as soon as possible during pregnancy and adhere to them. The diet aimed at preventing gestational diabetes should be based on low glycemic index foods and the Mediterranean diet as a good model of desirable diet. One of the supplements that could play a significant role in prevention is myoinositol which has been shown to reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes, but further studies are needed. The research on other supplements, such as probiotics, vitamin D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, is still scarce and contradictory. Exercise is a multi-proven method of prevention whose effect has been recently researched. In the field of gestational diabetes prevention, more research is needed on individual and combined prevention methods.
Keywords
gestacijski dijabetes melitus
prevencija
prehrana
tjelovježba
suplementi
Keywords (english)
gestational diabetes mellitus
prevention
diet
exercise
supplement
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:459898
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2022-02-24 11:05:16