Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumour of the uterine mucosa. It is the most common gynaecological tumour in Croatia. It includes more than 95% of all uterine cancers. Most recent cases of illness have been observed in women over 50 years of age after the onset of menopause, mostly in women in the sixth and seventh decade of life, who are in postmenopausal period. This is due to better socio-economic conditions that enable an increasing number of population to reach an advanced age and more accessible and better diagnostics of disease. Cancers are classified according to histological characteristics in seven categories. Of all endometrioid adenocarcinomas are the most common, accounting for more than 80% of all endometrial cancer. Given the oestrogen dependence, they are divided into two groups: type I — estrogen dependent and type II — estrogen independent. Risk factors for its development are related to higher estrogen levels and include starting period at a younger age and later onset of menopause, infertility, non-birth, long-term estrogen use in hormone replacement therapy, polycystic ovarian syndrome and Tamoxifen therapy. The main risk factor that is not related to reproduction is obesity. Approximately 90% of endometrial cancers clinically present as bleeding - therefore postmenopausal bleeding is the most common symptom of cancer. The presence of postmenopausal bleeding is not physiological and should always encourage the clinician to detect the cause. The diagnosis includes taking an extensive medical history, clinical gynaecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound, cytological findings (Pap test and/or Utero brush (cytological endometrium swab)), endometrial sampling by fractional curettage for the PHD analysis, hysteroscopy. It can also be supplemented by radiological tests, tumour markers and steroid receptors. Treatment of cancer is basically an operation involving total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo–oophorectomy. Other treatment methods include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Overall, 63% of patients are without signs of disease more than 5 years after treatment.