Well-being of foetus in childbirth is priority in obstetrics practice. To ensure safe birth of a child, the obstetrician needs to monitor foetal vital signs. This can be difficult in some cases as there is little contact of foetus with the world outside the womb. The goal of this thesis is to review the advantages of foetal scalp blood sampling for pH in the context of new medical research and medical practice in Merkur Clinical Hospital. Today's golden standard in intrapartal foetal survaillance is cardiotocography. The biggest limitation of this method is high rate of false negative results. This leads to an increase of caeserean section rates which carries a risk of complications and possible long-term sequele. It has been found that using this method of intrapartum monitoring has reduced the rate of perinatal deaths but, in turn increased the rate of deliveries by caeserean sections in the last few decades. Foetal blood sampling for pH is a procedure that monitors foetal oxygenation. The main reason of poor perinatal outcome is foeatal hypoxia, which consequently leads to perinatal asphyxia which, when the brain ischaemia occours can cause hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Because of relatively low predictive value of cardiotocography for hypoxia most guidelines suggests using foetal scalp blood sampling for pH in cases of suspicious cardiotocography finding as to reduce the number of unneeded caesarean deliveries and to give a better insight on foetal hypoxia. Besides mentioned, other methods of intrapartal monitoring exist but are mostly obsolete in medical practice, exception being foetal scalp stimulation which is, becase of simplicity and reliabilty, widespread across maternity wards. Intrapartal monitoring remains a theme of discussion in medical scientific world because of advances in technology and medical research, as well as inconsistencies in medial research results on advantages of certain methods of intrapartal monitoring and differences in clinical guidelines worldwide. In spite of mentioned, cardiotocography combined with foetal blood sampling for pH is the recommended method of foetal surveillance during delivery because of good results and low rate of unnecessary caesarean deliveries.