Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Croatia and in the world. The most important risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking, so smoking cessation is the most important prevention measure. In developed countries that are investing more in prevention methods and smoking cessation, an increasing number of lung cancers are occurring in non-smokers. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of other risk factors so that prevention programs target them as well. Continuous measures that promote the protection of workers from inhaling carcinogens in the workplace, maintaining clean air, healthy body weight, increased physical activity and a healthy diet are essential to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Prevention is the most effective measure for long-term reduction of lung cancer, and screening with low-dose CT is effective in reducing mortality rates. Therefore, smokers and ex-smokers who are at increased risk of developing lung cancer are encouraged to participate in an early detection program for lung cancer and should be informed about the risks and benefits of screening. In Croatia, the National Program for Early Detection of Lung Cancer includes people aged 50 to 75 with a smoking history of 30 pack-years who are active smokers or have stopped smoking within 15 years. In addition to joining the program, smoking cessation counseling is provided because smoking cessation still has the greatest impact on reducing lung cancer mortality.