Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy that results in visual field loss and loss of visual function. It is the second most common cause of blindness and is a significant public health problem worldwide. The etiopathogenesis of glaucoma is still not fully elucidated despite numerous assumptions and theories. The main risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and its reduction is the only proven method of treatment. Therefore, the main goal of glaucoma treatment is to achieve an individual IOP target value in order to prevent disease progression and consequent blindness. Since the drug treatment of glaucoma is the most common form of treatment, the emphasis is on the choice of drug type, their combinations and method of administration. Prostaglandin analogues are the first choice in the treatment of glaucoma, while the second line includes β-blockers, α-agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic receptor agonists and RhO-kinase inhibitors. Due to the chronic nature of glaucoma disease that requires lifelong therapy, the modern approach to drug treatment of glaucoma is based on an individual approach and achieving the target IOP with the least number of drugs and minimal adverse effects with sustainable quality of life of patients. Modern pharmacotherapy strongly suggests a fewer number of daily drug intakes by prescribing fixed combinations. It also recommends the use of topical therapy without preservatives because it improves the quality of life of patients, adherence, and persistence in therapy, improves the outcome of surgical treatment and disease control and preservation of vision. Today's development of new pharmaceutical forms for drug administration includes implant testing as well as the combined efficacy of several different implants.