Kidney transplantation is the best method of treatment for most patients with chronic kidney disease. It provides a better quality of life and low mortality compared to dialysis patients. The one-year survival of patients after kidney transplantation is over 90%. Complications such as infections, kidney transplant rejection, and chronic renal failure lead to poor outcomes and hospitalizations of patients. Hospitalizations are negatively affecting the patient's physical and mental well-being and higher mortality has been proven compared to patients without hospitalization. Early period after kidney transplantation is associated with risk of a number of complications that require hospitalization of patients after kidney transplantation. The research hypothesis is that in the first year after kidney transplantation, the most common cause of hospitalization are infections. The objectives of the study are to determine which type of infection is the most common cause of hospitalization, and to determine the existence of risk factors that affect the frequency of infections in the first year after kidney transplantation. The research was conducted in the Department of Nephrology of the Clinical Hospital Merkur on a sample of 107 subjects. A retrospective analysis of the documentation and data of the Hospital Information System was performed. The obtained results showed that the most common cause of hospitalization are infections in 63.6% of subjects, and the most common cause that require hospitalization in the first year after kidney transplantation are urinary tract infections in 31.8% of subjects. Statistical analysis of potential risk factors found that episodes of kidney transplant rejection were associated with the risk of infections as well as urinary tract infections, and female gender for urinary tract infections. The results of this study can be used in pre-transplant screening of patients at high risk for infections, as well as in education and monitoring of patients after kidney transplantation with the aim of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of infections, which can reduce hospitalizations in the first year after kidney transplantation.