Oropharyngeal cancer represents one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck. Due to the increase in incidence, especially in the developed countries, it is an important public health problem. Alcohol consumption and excessive smoking, as well as the HPV infection, stand out as etiological risk factors. The increase in the incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers in developed countries is marked by a more frequent occurrence of this cancer in younger people. Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common pathohistological type of oropharyngeal cancers. They are often asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, and may manifest as hyperkeratotic deposits, leukoplakia or ulcera. In the locally advanced stage, the disease can also manifest by enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. The treatment of oropharyngeal cancer is complex and can be challenging. The decision on an ideal therapeutic approach requires a multidisciplinary approach. Although we distinguish between HPV positive and negative cancers, their treatment does not differ for now. The treatment of oropharyngeal cancer depends on the stage of the disease and may include one or more different therapeutic modalities: surgery, radiotherapy, target therapy and immunotherapy.