Methods of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF or ICSI, offer many otherwise infertile couples the opportunity to conceive. However, failure of implantation of the fertilized embryo in the endometrium of the uterus remains a major problem and that is why an average of only 30% of embryo transfers result in live births. The mechanisms responsible for the high failure rate of IVF are largely unexplained and unknown. Recently, an association between failure of IVF and hypercoagulability as a result of thrombophilia was the subject of numerous scientific papers. Thrombophilias can be hereditary and acquired, and the most common thrombophilias are mutations in the genes for proteins involved in the coagulation cascade process such as FVL mutations and prothrombin gene mutation. Hereditary thrombophilia is a relatively common disorder, with the highest prevalence in the Caucasian population that reaches, depending on the study, even more than 15% . The results of research dealing with this issue are unclear. Combined results from case-control studies showed that FVL mutation was significantly more prevalent among women with IVF failure compared with fertile parous women or those achieving pregnancy after IVF. The same is true for women tested positive for anti-phospholipid antibodies, which is a form of acquired thrombophilia. However, these results have not been confirmed by cohort studies that have examined the connection between IVF failure and thrombophilias. Combined results from studies that have examined other types of thrombophilias did not show a significant association even on the level of case-control studies. In conclusion, the relationship between IVF failure and thrombophilia remains largely inconclusive. Large prospective studies are needed to clarify these associations in order for knowledge in this field to help in solving the problem of repeated failure in realization of one's own offspring.