Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of vision-loss in working-age adults in industrialized countries. As the prevalence of diabetes in population worldwide is increasing, the prevalence of DR is also increasing. Reasons leading to the increase prevalence of DR also include the aging of the population and the increase in life expectancy in diabetic patient, duration of disease being one of the main risk factors for the development of DR. Other main risk factors include poor glycaemic control and high blood pressure, those risk factors being modifiable. Systemic treatment acting on those risk factors have proven beneficial in the treatment of DR. Concerning local treatment of DR, it involves different kinds of approaches that are chosen according to cost, compliance of the patient, and staging of the disease. The main treatment options are pharmacological, laser treatment and surgery. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF), an anti-angiogenic drug, greatly improved treatment of DR, but despite the improve outcome of therapy with such new drugs, laser treatment, which is destructive, can still be needed as an adjuvant or in case of failure of anti-VEGF treatment. Further improvement of treatment is ongoing with newer laser treatment technology and studies on novel drugs such as novel anti-angiogenic drugs and drugs targeting the neurodegenerative process involved in DR. Vitrectomy, as a surgical option treatment, also has a role, especially in treatment of late complications of DR.