The aim of this thesis is to review and to integrate the knowledge in the field of diagnostics, more precisely, radiological follow up of patients as a part of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. In the introductory part breast cancer is described; its histological and biological classification, clinical picture, as well as the epidemiological context. Then, the possibilities of radiological imaging and the diagnosis of cancer are described, as well as the standardized system of classification and interpretation of radiological breast findings. Options for breast cancer treatment are then described, including indications for neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Lastly, the core of this paper is delineated through the modalities of radiological follow up, more precisely, the main methods of imaging patients with the emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging as the most accurate and the most sensitive method of monitoring patients on neoadjuvant breast cancer therapy. Breast cancer is the most common breast cancer in women and it is a serious epidemiological problem. A large number of symptomatic patients report to their doctor too late, which results in a poor prognosis for cure and a high mortality rate. Standard mammographic screening of asymptomatic patients, the use of neoadjuvant therapy, but also radiological follow up of diagnosed patients have led to progress in treatment outcomes, aesthetic results and most importantly, curing of patients.