Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to resist the action of antibiotics. It represents a modern problem of medical practice, since the development of resistance can disable the action of antibiotics that are the therapeutic choice for certain bacteria. In critical cases, they can develop resistance to practically all antibiotic drugs, making therapeutic options increasingly rare and radical. Within intensive care units, antibiotic resistance takes on a new dimension because patients in the ICU are extremely susceptible to the development of infections and resistance due to the patient's condition and the necessary therapeutic procedures. Antibiotic resistance has significant consequences for healthcare, including longer hospital stays, worse health outcomes, the need for more demanding therapeutic options, new drug development, and potentially death in significantly resistant infections. Particularly resistant bacteria stand out, which have the ability to escape the action of antibiotics and thus, in the presence of antibiotics, receive sufficient evolutionary pressure with which to develop new resistances to different groups of antibiotics. This process is not aided by the fact that bacteria can spread resistance among different species, creating a wide repertoire of resistance mechanisms to different antibiotics. In order to be able to adequately limit resistance, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of resistance and the methods of sanitation within the Intensive Care Units, by which the spread of bacteria can be suppressed, thus preventing the basis for emergence of resistance.