Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by various microorganisms, but with mutual mode of transmission – through unprotected sexual intercourse, which makes adolescents and young adults, ie. all sexually active people, the population at greatest risk of infection. STDs can manifest with a large spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic infection, mild discomfort with discharge, through occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with tubal infertility and all up to malignant tumours of genital organs. Since prevalence of STDs is highest in young, healthy adults, one of the most common complications of those diseases is problems with reproduction. This thesis covers eight most common agents of STDs (without HIV-disease) – which are Clamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, Human papillomavirus (HPV), genital mycoplasmas and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), their microbiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment with special review of their influence on reproduction and infertility in both sexes. The most common agents of tubal factor infertility (TFI), ie. obstruction of fallopian tubes which prevents sucessful fertilization, are Clamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and genital mycoplasmas through their complication, PID. Trichomonas vaginalis can serve as a vector for agents of PID, HPV is connected with development of male infertility and syphilis and genital herpes are associated with bad perinatal outcome. Due to all presented, primary prevention of these diseases which includes education about responsible sexual behavior, contraceptive use and eventually vaccination if possible and so as fast and effective antibiotic or antiviral treatment in case of infection, remains golden standard for prevention of late complications such as infertility or unsucessful pregnancy.