The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body. It is located at the front of the lower third of the neck in front of the throat and esophagus. His name is thankful for his unusual shape, shield shape, though somewhere described as having a specific shape of butterflies. It secretes two hormones T3 and T4 that are fed blood to each cell in the human body, affecting the metabolic processes. Diseases of the thyroid gland can be divided into benign and malignant. Benign infections are most commonly caused by sting, inflammation and benign tumors. Malignant neoplasms include papillary carcinoma (most commonly), then follicular, medullary, and the anaplastic cancers of the cartilage are very aggressive and inexhaustible. When conservative therapy no longer helps, the only choice is an operation. The most commonly performed is lobectomy - removal of a single lining of the thyroid gland. In case of suspicion of malignancy, total thyroid decompensation is performed - removal of both the glandular limb - and sometimes regional lymph nodes on the neck are removed. Prior to the procedure, good physical and mental preparation of the patient is required. This important role is played by a well-educated nurse who is spending most time with the patient, even before the operation, and especially in the first hours after the procedure. It is important to know the symptoms and signs of postoperative complications so that they can quickly and properly intervene.