In modern medicine, vaccination is one of the greatest achievements, which has significantly contributed to reduction of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination may be obligatory – legally regulated or recommended – optional. Since the vaccination begins in childhood, today is becoming increasingly common that parents decide not to vaccinate a child. Every parent has responsibility and right of choice in making decisions about health of their child. In many countries, vaccination coverage has been decreased because of decision of parents that do not want to vaccinate children. Research findings have shown that parental decision on vaccination is significantly affected by modern ways of communication and information using information technology and incorrect information based on beliefs of anti-vaccination movement. The most common factors detected in research that affect parental decision of children vaccination are: fear of unwanted reactions and development of adverse effects of vaccine on children’s health. Numbers of parents decide not to vaccinate their children because of religious beliefs, socio-cultural characteristics of community which they belong to, and growing trend of distrust in biomedical sciences on which modern health systems are based. The nurses/technicians have an important role in vaccination, because they are first who establish communication with parents. By informing and educating a parent about need of vaccination and how effective vaccination is important to the wider community can also contribute to reducing parental fears and insecurity of vaccination. Considering current situation, health system should put more effort into informing and education of parents about the individual and collective needs and importance of vaccination.