Vesicoureteral reflux is a malformation of the urinary tract that affects about 1% of all children and more than 30% of children with urinary tract infections and is manifested by the return of urine from the bladder to the ureter or kidney. Causes of onset may be congenital or acquired, although they are most often primary, such as anomalies of the vesicoureteral junction, shortened ureter within the vesicular segment, poor urethrotrigonal structure, congenital paraureteral diverticulum, and double ureterals. Frequent urinary tract infections in children may be a symptom of vesicoureteral reflux. Unrecognized disease can lead to uretero-hydronephrosis, recurrent pyelonephritis, scar formation, arterial hypertension and renal failure. Microscopic cystourethrography in the diagnosis of VUR is the gold standard, but also examinations such as kidney and bladder ultrasound, bacteriological and biochemical analyzes of urine and serum creatinine help to diagnose it. Treatment of VUR is conservative or surgical. Initially it is applied conservatively, and when it is unsuccessful, it goes to surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is possible by open extravasal or intravesical surgery and endoscopic methods. Advantages of endoscopic treatment are high efficacy with minimal invasiveness, rare complications, short hospital stay and significantly lower treatment costs. The role of the nurse in the endoscopic treatment of VUR is evident in the preoperative preparation of the child, the postoperative care of the child and the education of the parents.