| Abstract | Uvod i cilj: Refrakcijske anomalije u dječjoj i adolescentnoj dobi posljednjih su desetljeća u
znatnom porastu, a u nekim regijama svijeta, posebno u istočnoj Aziji, su poprimile
epidemijske razmjere. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istraţiti povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti s
pojavnošću refrakcijskih anomalija u djece školske dobi. Istraţivanje je provedeno u 13
zagrebačkih osnovnih škola meĎu učenicima osmih razreda, na područjima gradskih četvrti
Trnje, Trešnjevka Jug, Trešnjevka Sjever i Peščenica-Ţitnjak.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraţivanju je sudjelovalo 165 učenika (57% djevojčica), i njihovih
roditelja. Učenici i roditelji su u anketi procjenjivali vrijeme koje učenici provedu u učenju,
radu na računalu, gledanju mobitela, gledanju televizije, bavljenju sportom, rekreacijom,
šetnjama te boravku u otvorenom i u zatvorenom prostoru. Podatci prikupljeni anketom
usporeĎeni su s nalazima pregleda vida tijekom sistematskih pregleda i probira vida u
školskim ambulantama tijekom školske godine 2016./2017. Za svako od pitanja u kojem se
procjenjivalo vrijeme provedeno u pojedinoj aktivnosti, u obradi se koristila prosječna
vrijednost procjene vremena, učenika i roditelja.
Rezultati: Učenici i učenice s urednim vidom, značajno više vremena provedu pred ekranima
(računalo, mobitel i televizija) i na otvorenom prostoru, u odnosu na učenike i učenice s
poremećajima vida. Pred ekranima dnevno provede više od 150 minuta 64,82% učenika i
učenica s urednim te 24,56% učenika s poremećajem vida. Više od 120 minuta na dan u
otvorenom prostoru provede više od polovine učenika i učenica s urednim te malo više od
trećine učenika i učenica s poremećajem vida. Nije utvrĎena značajna razlika u vremenu
provedenom u sportskim aktivnostima i prisutnosti refrakcijskih anomalija u roditelja izmeĎu
učenika i učenica s urednim i učenika i učenica s poremećajem vida. Nije uočena povezanost
izmeĎu vremena provedenog učeći i pišući domaće zadaće s pojavnošću poremećaja vida
učenika i učenica.
Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraţivanja mogu se upotrijebiti pri planiranju preventivnih
zdravstvenih mjera kojima bi se potaknulo djecu na duţi boravak u otvorenom prostoru
tijekom i van nastave u cilju prevencije razvoja refrakcijskih anomalija. |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction and objectives: Refractive errors in childhood and adolescent age have increased
significantly in the last few decades, and in some world regions, especially East Asia, they
have escalated to the level of epidemic. The aim of this work was to explore the correlation
between physical activity and the occurrence of refractive errors among school-age children.
The research was carried out in 13 elementary schools in Zagreb among eighth grade pupils,
in the city districts of Trnje, Trešnjevka Jug, Trešnjevka Sjever and Peščenica-Ţitnjak.
Participants and methods: A total of 165 eighth grade elementary school pupils (57% of girls)
and their parents participated in the research. The pupils and parents estimated the time that
pupils spend learning, working on the computer, looking at the mobile phone, watching
television, doing sports, practising leisure activities, taking walks, and spending time outdoors
and indoors. The data obtained through the questionnaire were compared to the eyesight
examination reports collected during preventive health examinations in school health centres
during school year 2016/2017. In the data analysis, for each of the questions in which the
duration of a particular activity was estimated, an average value of pupils’ and parents’ time
estimation was used.
Results: Pupils with normal eyesight spend significantly more time in front of the screen
(computer, mobile phone and television) and outdoors, in comparison to pupils with eyesight
errors. A total of 64.82% of pupils with normal eyesight, and 24.56% of pupils with eyesight
errors spend more than 150 minutes a day in front of the screen. More than a half of pupils
with normal eyesight and a little more than a third of pupils with eyesight errors spend more
than 120 minutes a day outdoors. There was no statistically significant difference
regarding the time spent doing sports and the presence of refractive errors in parents found
between pupils with normal eyesight and pupils with eyesight errors. There was no
statistically significant correlation between the time spent learning and doing homework and
the occurrence of eyesight errors among pupils.
Conclusion: The results of this research can be used in planning preventive health measures
that would encourage children to spend more time outdoors during classes and outside of
school hours. |
