| Abstract | Sestrinstvo je relativno mlada disciplina unatoč činjenici da je njegovanje bolesnih,
ranjenih, nemoćnih i siromašnih, kao jedan od oblika pomaganja, prisutno tijekom cijele
povijesti čovječanstva. U povijesti sestrinstva najčešće se spominju imena žena koje su se
posvetile njezi i pružanju pomoći drugima. To djelovanje najčešće je bilo vezano uz njihovo
religijsko, karitativno, altruističko i filantropsko osobno određenje (1). Počeci razvoja
zdravstva grada Koprivnice sežu u 14. i 15. stoljeću gdje nalazimo prve vrlo oskudne
podatke o postojanju nekakve zdravstvene djelatnosti koja se u to vrijeme veže uz postojanje
tzv. hospitala - ustanovu za zbrinjavanje nemoćnih, bolesnih i siromašnih građana.
Zdravstvene prilike potkraj 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća bile su loše, bilo je to vrijeme ratova,
epidemija i sl. nedaća. Povijest sestrinstva može se usporedno pratiti s razvojem medicine,
od prvih početaka skrbi za bolesne i nemoćne pa sve do današnjeg modernog sestrinstva,
kao nezaobilazne, samostalne medicinske struke. Prvobitna skrb bila je u rukama pojedinih
žena, uglavnom iz kruga obitelji ili prijatelja oboljelog, temeljena na samaritanstvu i
filantropiji. U malobrojnim bolnicama u 19. stoljeću brigu o bolesnicima vodile su
nekvalificirane ili polukvalificirane bolničarke (15). Do dolaska dr. Nike Selaka na mjesto
ravnatelja bolnice nigdje se ne spominje njegovateljski kadar. Tek 1938. dolaze prve
medicinske sestre u Koprivnicu, no u prvo vrijeme rade u nekim izvanbolničkim
djelatnostima. Od 1961. u ustanovu dolaze prve medicinske sestre s višom školom Zdenka
Kovačić, Marija Stanišić, Krunoslava Ivančić i Ružica Lončarić koje su postale i prve glavne
odjelne sestre. Od 1968. godine u sestrinstvu dolazi do užih specijalizacija, osobito za
suvremeni medicinski tretman, prije svega u intenzivnoj njezi i anesteziji. Novi način rada
zahtijevao je pojačane napore medicinskih sestara, traži se veći stupanj odgovornosti tako
da se prelazi na rad u smjenama. Veliki iskorak u razvoju sestrinstva doprinijelo je
preseljenje u novu bolnicu 1980. godine. Dolazi do otvaranja novih odjela, uvodi se sve više
novih medicinsko-tehničkih i dijagnostičkih metoda, teži se standardizaciji provođenja
sestrinskih postupaka te se prati kvaliteta provođenja što je zahtijevalo kontinuiranu
edukaciju i školovanje medicinskih sestara. |
| Abstract (english) | Nursing is a relatively young discipline despite the fact that nursing of the sick, the
wounded, the helpless and the poor, as one of the forms of aid, has been present throughout
the entire human history. The names of women who cared for others are often mentioned in
the history of nursing. This activity was most often related to their religious, charitable,
altruistic and philanthropic personal determination (1). The beginnings of Koprivnica's
health care development date back to the 14th and 15th centuries, where we find the first
very scarce data on the existence of some kind of healthcare that was at the time linked to
the existence of a hospice - an institution for the helpless, sick and poor citizens. The health
conditions at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries were quite bad; it was the time of
wars and epidemics. The history of nursing has been accompanied by the development of
medicine, from the very beginnings of care for the sick and helpless until today's modern
nursing, as an inevitable and independent medical profession. At its beginnings, nursing was
in the hands of the women, who mostly came from the family or the circle of friends of the
ill; based on samaritanism and philanthropy. In the small 19th century hospitals, patient care
was conducted by unqualified or semi-qualified nurses (15) and until dr. Niko Selak's arrival
as the head of the hospital, no nursing staff was mentioned. In 1938, the first nurses came to
Koprivnica but at the beginning they did not even work with patients. In 1961, the hospital
received the first nurses with higher education, Zdenka Kovačić, Marija Stanišić, Krunoslava
Ivančić and Ružica Lončarić, who then became the first head nurses. Since 1968, nursing
has greatly advanced, especially regarding modern medical treatment, such as intensive care
and anesthesia. This requires increased efforts by nurses and a higher degree of
responsibility, which is why nurses often work in shifts. A breakthrough in nursing
development contributed to the relocation to a new hospital in 1980. New departments are
opening, new medical-technical and diagnostic methods are introduced, the standardization
of nursing practices is being pursued, and the quality of implementation has been followed,
which requires continuous education and training of nurses. |
