Refractive errors represent errors in the ability to focus the eye on the objects we are looking at, resulting in a blurred image. The four main types of refractive errors are: nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, and the loss of near vision with age (presbyopia). Although eyeglasses and contact lenses have their advantages, with modern technologies and the development of new procedures, the goal is to decrease dependence on them. In its beginnings, refractive surgery methods were considered almost exclusively corneal modifications, but advanced technology with small incisions and new software combined with modern lenses introduced intraocular surgery into the concept of a refractive surgery. The number of different surgical refractive procedures available today has increased significantly - from early techniques and radial keratotomy to modern excimer laser methods, which are one of the fastest developing branches of ophthalmology. Although keratorefractive surgery has its advantages, there are some limitations – especially with high refractive errors where intraocular procedures offer many advantages. Two main intraocular methods are phakic intraocular lens implantation (pIOL) in which, with the natural lens, a surgeon also installs an artificial lens, and the second method is a clear lens extraction in which the natural lens is removed first. By developing a large number of different methods, each patient is thoroughly examined and after finding all of its indications and contraindications, the doctor determines the exact refractive surgical procedures to perform.