Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases and a serious medical and social issue due to its clinical features. It is defined as a disease characterised by a permanent predisposition for epileptic seizures, as well as the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences of said state. It is diagnosed, apart from the criteria defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), based on the clinical presentation, electroencephalography (EEG) findings (the gold standard for diagnosing epilepsy) and other neuroimaging methods. The treatment of epilepsy is symptomatic, with the goal of reduction or complete cessation of epileptic seizures. In the majority of patients, epileptic seizures can be adequately controlled by the available antiepileptic treatments (AET). Epilepsy is one of the main clinical manifestations and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in a multisystem disorder called tuberous sclerosis (TSC). Tuberous sclerosis is a hereditary, autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation of the tumour suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2. This mutation causes the overactivation of the mTOR signal pathway, which participates in the processes of proliferation, cellular migration and angiogenesis. The result of signal pathway overactivation is the formation of hamartomas in numerous organs, which cause clinical symptoms of the disease. Early diagnosis based on independent clinical and genetic criteria, timely treatment and patient follow-up has advanced the quality of life and improved clinical outcomes. The treatment of TSC is based on symptomatic therapy. However, mTOR inhibitors, which act by targeting the cause of the disease on a molecular level, are being increasingly used.