| Abstract | Na području Hrvatske sustav zdravstvene zaštite vuče svoje korijene
od kraja 18. stoljeća kada je bio usmjeren prvenstveno na zaštitu od zaraznih
bolesti. Taj sustav se kasnije razvija i proširuje i na ostale segmente zaštite
zdravlja populacije uključujući i one mjere koje se odnose na zaštitu
materinstva.
U ovom radu istraživane su demografske i javnozdravstvene
odrednice razvoja porodništva i primaljstva u Slavonskom Brodu tijekom 19.
st.. Dosadašnja istraživanja, vezana uz povijest Slavonskog Broda, odnose
se uglavnom na društveno – političku povijest ovoga područja. Povijest
javnoga zdravstva, s druge strane, te posebice porodništva i primaljstva kao
struke u području Slavonskoga Broda, do sada nije sustavno istraživana.
Ovaj rad, stoga, pridonosi poznavanju medicinskog i javnozdravstvenog
konteksta, vitalnih pokazatelja i demografskog razvoja Slavonskog Broda te
rasvjetljava ulogu populacijske politike austrijske uprave tijekom 19. stoljeća.
Rekonstrukcijom položaja primalja, njihovog djelovanja, izobrazbe i
socijalnoga statusa, ovo istraživanje djelomično pridonosi istraživanjima
uloge žena u javnom životu Hrvatske 19. stoljeća, te ukazuje na njihovu
relevantnost u okviru zdravstvene skrbi stanovništva.
Rekonstrukcija povijesnih okolnosti ove tematike temeljila se najvećim
dijelom na primarnim izvorima pohranjenim većim dijelom u Državnom arhivu
u Slavonskom Brodu, Gradskom muzeju u Požegi,Franjevačkom samostanu
u Slavonskom Brodu i u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu. Korištene su matične
knjige krštenih, umrlih i vjenčanih, analiziranog razdoblja te relevantna
sekundarna literatura.
Analizirano razdoblje pokazalo se kao ključno inicijalno razdoblje u
oblikovanju populacijske politike, uvođenja legislative i propisa koji reguliraju
rad zdravstva u cjelini, a tako i primaljske struke. Ono, međutim, još uvijek
nije donijelo zadovoljavajuće rezultate niti je utjecalo na povećanje prirodnog
prirasta i boljeg zdravstvenog stanja pučanstva. |
| Abstract (english) | In the area of the Republic of Croatia the health care system has its roots in
the late 18th century when it was focused primarily on the prevention of
infectious diseases. This system was later developed and expanded to other
segments of the health protection of the population, including those
measures relating to maternity protection.
This paper presents the study of demographic and public health guidelines
for the development of obstetrics and midwifery in Slavonski Brod, during the
19th century. At that time, the city was part of the Military Frontier (Vojna
Krajina), and the life in it was organized in terms of supervision and care of
the population that moved across the border, taking care of livestock and
people, and defense against attacks by the Turks across the river Sava,
protection against epidemic diseases which prevailed in the Turkish state.
The previous research that related to the history of the town of Slavonski
Brod, relates mainly to the socio -political history of the area. The history of
public health, on the other hand, and particularly obstetrics and midwifery as
a profession on the territory of the town of Slavonski Brod, has not been
systematically investigated. This paper will, therefore, contribute to the
knowledge of the medical and public health context, vital parameters and
demographic development of the town of Slavonski Brod and will highlight
the role of population policies of the Austrian government during the 19th
century. By reconstructing the position of midwives, their work, education and
social status, this research contributes to research of the role of women in
the public life of the Republic of Croatia in 19th century, and indicates their
relevance within the health care of the population.
The reconstruction of the historical circumstances of this subject was
based largely on primary sources stored mostly in the National Archives in
the towns of Slavonski Brod, Požega and in the Croatian State Archives. One
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has mainly used registers of births, deaths and marriages, the analyzed
period and the relevant secondary literature.
The analyzed period has been proven as a crucial initial period in
shaping of the population policies, the introduction of legislation and
regulations that govern the operation of health care in general, and the
midwifery profession. However, this still has not brought satisfactory results,
nor has it affected the increase in natural growth and better health of the
population. |
