The aim of this systematic review was to describe various forms of headache that may occur in the pediatric population. Headaches are very common in children and adolescents. They have a negative impact on a child's learning, memory, personality, interpersonal or peer relations, as well as on its performance in curricular and extracurricural activities. This of course, depends on the etiology, frequency and intensity of headaches. ----- According to the IHS classification, headaches are divided into primary and secondary headaches. When the headache itself is the illness, then it is a primary headache disorder (e.g. tension-type headache, migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and other primary headache disorders). In secondary headache disorders headache is a symptom of structural, metabolic or other abnormality. Acute headaches are primary headaches in most cases. Chronic headaches are a large group of frequent or everyday long-lasting headaches (more than 4 hours per day). ----- For each listed type the characteristics of pain like the intensity, location, duration, time of occurrence and accompanying symptoms are shown, which can help in the diagnosis. The evaluation of a child with headache starts with detailed physical examination (blood pressure measurement included), neurological examination and thorough history. Then it can be followed by neuroradiological diagnostic procedure, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination or EEG if there are indications. ----- Methods of treatment are given after the description of each type of headache. It is important to recognize each of them, so they can be treated in a proper way. Every child with a headache needs an individual approach. Timely and proper treatment makes the disease more tolerable and gives a better quality of life.