Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is one of the assisted human reproduction methods aimed at increasing the chances of conception by introducing processed semen into the uterus using a catheter during ovulation. IUI can be performed in a natural cycle or with ovarian stimulation, typically using mild stimulation protocols. As infertility is becoming a growing public health issue, the use of fertility treatments, including intrauterine insemination, is increasing. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, IUI is often the first choice for treating infertility. Intrauterine insemination can be used in various indications, with some of the most common being cervical factor infertility, male factor infertility, and unexplained infertility. Before the actual insemination, both partners need to undergo an evaluation to determine the cause of infertility. In addition to a detailed medical history and physical examination, it is particularly important for women to undergo a Fallopian tube patency test, and for men to have a semen analysis. IUI is contraindicated in cases of cervicitis, endometritis, and bilateral tubal occlusion. The success of intrauterine insemination depends on multiple factors, with age being particularly significant. Therefore, IUI is generally not performed in women over the age of 35, as it tends to yield poorer results in this age group. IUI, if performed with ovulation stimulation, can carry certain risks. These risks are associated with the ovulation stimulation itself and include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies. However, with current knowledge and advancements, these complications have been minimized.