Despite the progress of medicine, occupational skin diseases represent a serious medical and social problem. As one of the most common occupational diseases in general, occupational skin diseases bring with them great health, professional and economic losses. For this reason, many epidemiological studies have been conducted in order to establish which professions can be categorized as risky for the occurrence of certain occupational skin diseases. Among them, the most frequently reported occupational skin diseases are allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Their cause lies in numerous allergens and irritants to which workers are exposed to in their professional environment. The progression of these diseases and their inadequate treatment can have serious consequences on the professional and personal life and health of the workers. Furthermore, workers who are often exposed to solar radiation in their profession have an increased risk of developing occupational skin tumors, both non-melanotic and melanoma. For this reason, it is necessary to additionally emphasize the importance of prevention when it comes to chronic exposure to UV radiation in a professional environment. There are also numerous other occupational skin diseases, such as occupational urticaria, occupational skin infections, work-related photosensitivity and phototoxicity reactions, and occupational pigmentation disorders. The list of occupational skin diseases is extremely long, but they are still under-reported, under-treated and under-prevented diseases within the occupational medicine system in the Republic of Croatia. Prevention is a key element in combating occupational skin diseases. Many technical and organizational measures and systems are described that can be implemented for the purpose of risk reduction, as well as personal use and proper handling of personal protective equipment by workers. The importance of education and training of workers on safe work and the need to establish cooperation between workers, employers and occupational safety experts is also emphasized.