Ultrasound is a diagnostic method routinely used in modern medicine that provides a quick and simple insight into the morphology of the thyroid gland and other neck organs. It is characterized by ease of use, non-invasiveness and non-use of ionizing radiation. It helps to distinguish benign from malignant changes in the thyroid gland as well as in the other neck region. In the thyroid, it can indicate the existence of papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic carcinoma. They are most often presented as a hypoechoic nodule, irregularly shaped and with irregular edges, with calcifications present. With the aim of easier interpretation of the observed changes and differentiation of benign from malignant phenomena, the European Thyroid Association (ETA) adopted the European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) classification. With ultrasound, it is possible to successfully detect malignant neoplasms of the parathyroid gland and salivary glands. Of particular importance is the examination of the cervical lymph nodes, which are often affected by metastases from nearby tumors. Malignantly changed lymph nodes of the neck are most often round in shape and of heterogeneous echogenicity, mostly hypoechoic, with frequently present calcifications or cystic changes. The longitudinal/transverse ratio (L/T ratio) of malignant changes is generally <2, and the absence of a hilum raises suspicion of potential malignancy. Cytological puncture under ultrasound control of a potentially malignant formation is performed in order to establish a final diagnosis.