Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Infections caused by C. trachomatis are often asymptomatic, which frequently leads to a lack of recognition and timely treatment, resulting in a progression of complications in women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main etiological factor in cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer in women. Persistent HPV infection with high-risk genotypes is the most important risk factor for the development and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). It is believed that the majority of people become infected with HPV during their lifetime, but most of these infections resolve spontaneously. The progression of HPV infection to preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions depends on a range of factors. Co-infections with other sexually transmitted pathogens are considered risk factors for the progression of intraepithelial cervical lesions. C. trachomatis is one of the most extensively studied pathogens in this context. Numerous studies conducted on different populations have reported significant prevalencies of HPV and CT co-infections. Furthermore, some studies have shown a higher risk of HPV infection persistence in women with CT co-infection. Most commonly, co-infection with CT involves multiple high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV). Similarly, studies indicate an increased risk for preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions in the presence of CT co-infection. Risk factors for CT HPV co-infection include younger age, a higher number of sexual partners, lower socioeconomic status, and there is a higher prevalence of co-infections in developing countries.