Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that occurs in women, in which only one normal X chromosome is present, while the other is either missing or structurally altered. This abnormality can be present in all or one part of the cells. Depending on the karyotype, there are numerous different phenotypic manifestations of this syndrome, but what they all have in common is low growth and estrogen deficiency. Cardiovascular diseases stand out as the main cause of high morbidity and mortality. Although the relative risk for most congenital heart defects is much higher compared to the general population, bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta stand out according to prevalence. The aforementioned heart defects often occur together and, due to altered hemodynamics, they represent a risk factor for the development of many other cardiovascular diseases, including aortic dissection. Aortic dissection, besides being much more common, affects people at a younger age than in the general population. Additional risk factors for its development are dilatation of the aorta, hypertension and monosomy of the X chromosome. Given that aortic dilatation has a good predictive value for its occurrence, the assessment of the risk of dissection is based on the measurement of the aortic diameter. Not only does further treatment depend on the assessed risk, but also decisions regarding pregnancy and playing sports. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is also increased. Some of its components are already present in childhood. The result is premature atherosclerosis, which carries a risk for the development of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular incidents. It often happens that the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome is not made until puberty, or not even made at all. Late diagnosis combined with insufficient follow-up of diagnosed persons is the reason why many of the described pathological conditions remain unnoticed and untreated, which then results in the high rates of morbidity and mortality.