Background: Rural environment might have a protective effect in allergy. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms in the city of Zagreb and Natural Park Lonjsko polje (NPLP) and the role of environmental factors. Methods: The prevalence of allergic symptoms was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood questionnaire. Significance of the environmental factors was tested using logistic regression. Results: 1741 children participated in the study. Between two regions, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In the city of Zagreb, there was a higher prevalence of current AR symptoms (35%) comparing with the rural region (29%), (p=0.001). In all age groups, children from NPLP had lower risk for current AR symptoms, and of diagno-sed AR in the oldest age group (p<0.001). Prevalence of AD symptoms ever-in-the-lifetime was also higher in the urban region (35. 10% vs. 26.20%, p=0.001), as well as the prevalence of diagnosed AD (29.30 % vs. 16.60%, p=0.001). Logistic regression showed different role of the environmental factors in allergic entities in two regions, however, higher number of siblings and using carpets and feather pillows were more present in NPLP, and associated with lower risk of allergy. Conclusion: This study showed a protective effect of living in NPLP on the symptoms of AR and AD.